This European survey examines (a) In a world in which most economic powers have programmes that give preference to their own strategic resources – for example, the Chinese have ‘Made in China’, and the Americans have ‘Buy American’ – the EU’s strategic independence would be substantially enhanced by establishing some form of European preference in public procurement in selected sectors; (b) A ‘Buy European’ programme of public procurement in selected sectors could be implemented in a way that would deliver greater EU innovation and growth over the next five years than in the absence of such a programme
Keyword: innovation
a la carte pricing abortion access to credit acquisitions active investing Adam Smith advertising affordability Affordable Care Act Africa agglomeration aging airline industry Alaska alternative investments amateurism Amazon American Recovery and Reinvestment Act American Rescue Plan anti-competitive behavior antitrust Argentina artificial intelligence arts asset allocation asset classes asset management asset pricing asset purchases asset returns asset valuation assets AT&T auctions austerity automatic enrollment automation automobile industry autonomous cars
bailouts balance sheet balanced budget bank accounts bank deposits bank failures bank finance Bank of England bank regulation bank runs banking banking crises banking rules banking sector banking union bankruptcy banks bans behavioral economics behavioral finance benefits betting Big Tech Bitcoin board quotas bonds bonuses book market border adjustment tax borrowing borrowing and lending Brexit budget deficits budget scoring bundling Bureau of Economic Analysis Bureau of Labor Statistics bureaucracy business cycles business exodus business forecasting business opportunities buy American buy European
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data data protection debt debt brake debt ceiling debt obligations debt relief debt support debt sustainability debt-to-GDP ratio decarbonisation default defaults defense defense economics defense spending deflation DEI democracy democratic legitimacy Department of Education dependency ratio deposit insurance destination-based cash flow tax destintation-based cash flow tax Detroit devaluation developing countries developing economies development development assistance development economics digital currency digital economy digital euro digital infrastructure digital markets Digital Markets Act digital money digital platforms digital service providers digital services Digital Services Act digital tokens discount rates discrimination disease diseases disruption distributional effects diversification diversity dollar dollarization dominant firms doom loops drought drug prices drug use duration dutch disease dynamic scoring
early years earnings Eastern Europe economic agents economic data economic development economic geography economic growth economic history economic insecurity economic integration economic performance economic performance; electoral cycles; government policy; political economy; public policy; voters economic policy economic principles economic recovery economic reseach economic research economic statistics economic stimulus Economics 101 economists education educational quality efficiency efficient markets efficient markets hypothesis elections electoral cycles electric vehicles electricity embargoes emerging markets empirical economics employees employment employment contracts employment effects employment protection end-of-day trading energy energy policy energy prices energy sanctions energy subsidies energy supply energy taxes energy transition environment Environmental Protection Agency environmental regulation equal pay equities equity equity injections equity risk premium ESG ESMA essential goods ethanol EU EU budget EU Inc euro euro exit Europe European Central Bank European champions European Commission European preference European recovery fund European Research Council European Securities and Markets Authority European Union Europen Union Eurozone ex-ante regulation exchange rate adjustment exchange rates exchange-traded products executive compensation expectations experiments export controls export restrictions exports externalities extreme weather
Facebook faculty pay fairness family size Fannie Mae fast-track authority FDIC Federal Economic Statistics Advisory Council federal regulation federal regulations Federal Reserve fee caps fee transparency fees fiat currency fiduciary duty financial crises financial crisis financial markets financial performance financial policy financial regulation financial regulations bank runs financial services financial stability finished good prices firm capabilities firm finances firm location first past the post fiscal benefits fiscal cliff fiscal councils fiscal deficit fiscal deficits fiscal dominance fiscal policy fiscal rules fiscal stimulus fiscal sustainability floods food prices food security forecasting foreign aid foreign direct investment foreign investment fossil fuels fracking France Freddie Mac free float free markets free movement free trade full capacity fund performance fundamental value fungibility
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ideas illegal activities immigrant visas immigration import duties import restrictions imports impossibility theorem incentives inclusion income inequality income support income tax increasing returns to scale incumbents independent regulatory agencies index funds indexing industrial polic industrial policy Industrial Revolution inequality inflation inflation expectations inflation target inflation-indexed bonds inflation-linked bonds information infrastructure innovation input prices inside information Instagram institutional investors institutions insurance insurance premiums Intel intellectual property interdependence interest rate caps interest rates interest-bearing assets intergenerational mobility intermediate goods intermediation international agreements International Energy Agency international monetary system internet internet: profits investment investment grade investment management investment policy investment portfolio investment returns invisible hand IPOs Iran Ireland Italy
Japan job lock job mobility job satisfaction jobs Jones Act Jones Act; oil prices; gasoline; energy; energy policy; national security; energy supply; Hawaii; Puerto Rico; Alaska; Gulf of Mexico; war; Iran judiciaries junk fees
labor force participation labor income labor market labor market flexibility labor markets labor productivity labor regulations labor statistics labor supply labour force Laffer curve laissez-faire land use land value tax landlords law and economics legacy preference legal liability legalisation legislative proposals lender of last resort leverage liabilities liberal democracy licensing life expectancy life outcomes liquefied natural gas liquidity listings listings securities exchanges living standard living standards llong-term borrowing loan relief loans lobbying local government lockdowns London long-term borrowing lotteries low-carbon technologies low-income low-income households low-skill workers LTCM Luxembourg
macroeconomic stability macroprudential policy Maine majority rule management practices mandated disclosures manufacturing marginal tax rates marijuana mark to market market anomalies market cap market concentration market dominance market efficiency market indices market intervention market microstructure market power market quality market value market volatility maturity transformation maximum sustainable employment Medicaid medical debt medical research Medicare medium of exchange mega-banks mental health merger rules mergers mergers & acquisitions mergers and acquisitions Mexico Microsoft migration minimum retirement age minimum wage minimum wage|labor market|low-skill workers|unemployment|productivity||||| mismeasurement mobility Modern Monetary Theory monetary policy monetary system money creation money market funds monopsony power moral hazard mortality mortgage-backed securities mortgages museums music events mutual funds
NAFTA Nasdaq Nash equilibrium National Academy of Sciences national debt National Science Foundation national security natural disasters natural gas natural resources net neutrality net zero Netherlands network externalities new entry New York Nippon Steel Nobel Prize Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences Nobel Prize in Economics non-bank financial intermediaries non-compete clauses non-tariff barriers Northern Ireland Norway nudge policies
OASI trust fund obesity occupational choice occupational licensing offshore accounts offshoring oil oil prices Omicron online sales online sales tax open economies order execution output gap outsourcing overheating
panics Paris agreement passive investing patent trolls patents payday lending payment services payments system payroll taxes peace peer review Pell grants penalties pension funds pensions personal data personal debt personal finance petrol pharmaceutical industry physical infrastructure physical risks pied-à-terre tax platforms policy advice policy entrepreneurs political appointments political economy pollution populism portfolio allocation portfolio diversification portfolio investment portfolio management portfolio theory Portugal poverty poverty reduction pre-school education prescription drugs President Biden President Obama President Trump price cap price caps price controls price gouging primary voting privacy private credit private credit funds private equity private firms private funds private schools privatization product quality production production capacity productivity productivity growth professional sports teams profitability profits prohibition property rights property taxes prosperity protectionism proxy advisory firms proxy voting psychology public budget public corporations public debt public finances public goods public health public investment public ownership public policy public procurement public revenues public schools public spending public transport public utilities publishers Puerto Rico purchasing power
R&D R&D spillovers race radiospectrum random audits randomized control trials ranked-choice voting rationality real estate real wages recession reciprocal tariffs reconstruction recovery redemptions redistribution referendum refugees regressive tax regulation regulations remuneration renewable energy renewables renminbi rent control rent freezes rent-seeking repatriated profits research reserve currency resilience resource allocation retail retail investors retaliatory tariffs retirees retirement retirement age retirement benefits return on investment returns returns to education ride-sharing ride-sharing caps risk management risk premia risk-return risk-taking robots rule of law rules runs Russia
safe assets safety sales tax San Francisco sanctions savings school students school vouchers schools Science scientists Scotland Scottish independence SEC second homes secondary markets Section 230 sectoral policies Securities and Exchange Commission security security screening self-control semiconductors services services sector shareholder activism shareholder value shareholders shares shipping short selling single market single-family homes skills slavery small firms smartphones soccer social benefits social cohesion social cost of carbon social costs social integration social justice social media social mobility social norms social problems social programs Social Security social welfare social/public housing socialism sociial welfare soft drinks software industry solar energy solvency sovereign bonds sovereign debt sovereign wealth funds soverign bonds Spain speculation sports Stability and Growth Pact stablecoins stagflation stakeholders standardized tests start-ups state aid state assets state budgets statistical agencies statistics steel steel industry steel tariffs sterling stock buybacks stock market stock prices stock returns store of value strategic autonomy strategic behavior strategic independence strategic oil reserves Strategic Petroleum Reserve strategic planning strategic sectors stress tests student loans students subsidies sugar sugar tax Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program supplementary leverage ratio supply chain supply chains Supreme Court surge pricing sustainability sustained growth systemic risk
targeting tariffs tax avoidance tax competition tax credits tax cuts tax deductions tax enforcement tax evasion tax harmonization tax incentives tax rates tax reform tax revenues taxes taxis taxonomy taxpayer guarantees teaching tech compaies tech companies tech firms technological change Technology telecommunications telecoms terrorists Tesla test scores testing textbooks theory ticket resale TikTok time consistency Time Warner too big to fail tourism tournaments trade agreements trade balance trade balances trade barriers trade deficits trade embargo trade liberalization trade policy trade sanctions trade war trade wars trading rules training transition economies transparency transport transport networks travel travel bans Treasury bonds Treasury securities tulipmania TV fees twin deficits Twitter
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This European survey examines (a) The potential for consumer privacy to be compromised by digital platforms’ use of personal data is sufficient to justify regulations that assign consumers some kind of default control rights over their data; b) To date, EU efforts to regulate use of personal data - primarily the General Data Protection Regulation, GDPR - have been largely ineffective at protecting consumers; b) To date, EU efforts to regulate use of personal data - primarily GDPR - have imposed substantial costs on European businesses, slowing innovation and growth
This US survey examines: Adoption of artificial intelligence will lead to a substantial increase in the growth rates of real per capita income in the US and Western Europe over the next ten years
This US survey examines (a) The combination of scientific progress, technological innovation, and openness to new ideas underpinned the emergence of sustained economic growth in the Industrial Revolution; (b) The process of creative destruction – in which innovation continually leads to the disruptive displacement of existing jobs, products, firms, and industries – has been a substantial contributor to sustained economic growth
This European survey examines (a) The combination of scientific progress, technological innovation, and openness to new ideas underpinned the emergence of sustained economic growth in the Industrial Revolution; (b) The process of creative destruction – in which innovation continually leads to the disruptive displacement of existing jobs, products, firms, and industries – has been a substantial contributor to sustained economic growth
This US survey examines (a) US export controls on advanced semiconductor technology and equipment will contribute substantially to maintaining US technological dominance in the industry over the next ten years; (b) US export controls on advanced semiconductor technology and equipment will substantially raise China's presence in the industry over the next ten years; (c) In ten years, historians will judge that the US’s current use of sanctions, export restrictions and tariffs in critical sectors substantially improved the median American citizen’s welfare
This European survey examines: New funding and immigration schemes to attract top scientific talent from abroad to EU universities would have a measurable impact on European innovation over a five year horizon
This European survey examines (a) The likely need for increased European public investment in defense should come with substantial reallocations of public budgets at the national and EU levels; (b) Greater use of joint EU-level procurement of military equipment and defense research/innovation would promote substantially enhanced capacity in Europe's defense industry; (c) Increased defense spending would deliver a measurable boost to economic growth in Europe over the next five years
This Finance survey examines (a) Establishing a domestic sovereign wealth fund to invest in domestic infrastructure, emerging technologies, and/or strategic sectors would bring substantial benefits to the US economy over a ten-year horizon; (b) For the US, establishing a sovereign wealth fund would be substantially better for citizens relative to reducing public debt burdens
This US survey examines (a) Establishing a domestic sovereign wealth fund to invest in infrastructure, emerging technologies, and/or strategic sectors would bring substantial benefits to the US economy over a ten-year horizon; (b) The typical advanced economy could substantially boost growth by establishing a sovereign wealth fund to invest in infrastructure, emerging technologies, and/or strategic sectors; (c) For a typical advanced economy, establishing a sovereign wealth fund would be substantially better for citizens relative to paying down the debt as a use for excess revenue
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