This US survey examines (a) Independent of any other cuts to public funding of scientific research, a 55% reduction in the budget for the National Science Foundation would have no measurable effect on the well-being of the typical American over the next 10 years; (b) Historical federal support for scientific research has paid for itself through a substantial positive effect on long-run US productivity growth
Keyword: R&D
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panics Paris agreement passive investing patent trolls patents payday lending payment services payments system payroll taxes peace peer review Pell grants penalties pension funds pensions personal data personal debt personal finance petrol pharmaceutical industry physical infrastructure physical risks pied-à-terre tax platforms policy advice policy entrepreneurs political appointments political economy pollution populism portfolio allocation portfolio diversification portfolio investment portfolio management portfolio theory Portugal poverty poverty reduction pre-school education prescription drugs President Biden President Obama President Trump price cap price caps price controls price gouging primary voting privacy private credit private credit funds private equity private firms private funds private schools privatization product quality production production capacity productivity productivity growth professional sports teams profitability profits prohibition property rights property taxes prosperity protectionism proxy advisory firms proxy voting psychology public budget public corporations public debt public finances public goods public health public investment public ownership public policy public procurement public revenues public schools public spending public transport public utilities publishers Puerto Rico purchasing power
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safe assets safety sales tax San Francisco sanctions savings school students school vouchers schools Science scientists Scotland Scottish independence SEC second homes secondary markets Section 230 sectoral policies Securities and Exchange Commission security security screening self-control semiconductors services services sector shareholder activism shareholder value shareholders shares shipping short selling single market single-family homes skills slavery small firms smartphones soccer social benefits social cohesion social cost of carbon social costs social integration social justice social media social mobility social norms social problems social programs Social Security social welfare social/public housing socialism sociial welfare soft drinks software industry solar energy solvency sovereign bonds sovereign debt sovereign wealth funds soverign bonds Spain speculation sports Stability and Growth Pact stablecoins stagflation stakeholders standardized tests start-ups state aid state assets state budgets statistical agencies statistics steel steel industry steel tariffs sterling stock buybacks stock market stock prices stock returns store of value strategic autonomy strategic behavior strategic independence strategic oil reserves Strategic Petroleum Reserve strategic planning strategic sectors stress tests student loans students subsidies sugar sugar tax Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program supplementary leverage ratio supply chain supply chains Supreme Court surge pricing sustainability sustained growth systemic risk
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This European survey examines (a) Adoption of artificial intelligence will lead to a substantial increase in the growth rates of real per capita income in the US and Western Europe over the next ten years; b) Adoption of artificial intelligence will lead to a substantial increase in the unemployment rates in the US and Western Europe over the next ten years
This European survey examines (a) For reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, subsidies for R&D on low-carbon technologies are justified in addition to carbon pricing mechanisms like carbon taxes and cap-and-trade systems; (b) Higher subsidies for R&D on low-carbon technologies are justified by the fact that their successful deployment would not only reduce emissions in OECD countries but also reduce developing countries' emissions by encouraging them to substitute away from fossil fuels
This US survey examines (a) The combination of scientific progress, technological innovation, and openness to new ideas underpinned the emergence of sustained economic growth in the Industrial Revolution; (b) The process of creative destruction – in which innovation continually leads to the disruptive displacement of existing jobs, products, firms, and industries – has been a substantial contributor to sustained economic growth
This European survey examines (a) The combination of scientific progress, technological innovation, and openness to new ideas underpinned the emergence of sustained economic growth in the Industrial Revolution; (b) The process of creative destruction – in which innovation continually leads to the disruptive displacement of existing jobs, products, firms, and industries – has been a substantial contributor to sustained economic growth
This US survey examines (a) For reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, subsidies for R&D on low-carbon technologies are justified in addition to carbon pricing mechanisms like carbon taxes and cap-and-trade systems; (b) Higher subsidies for R&D on low-carbon energy sources are justified by the fact that their successful deployment would not only reduce emissions but also induce developing countries to substitute away from fossil fuels
This US survey examines (a) US export controls on advanced semiconductor technology and equipment will contribute substantially to maintaining US technological dominance in the industry over the next ten years; (b) US export controls on advanced semiconductor technology and equipment will substantially raise China's presence in the industry over the next ten years; (c) In ten years, historians will judge that the US’s current use of sanctions, export restrictions and tariffs in critical sectors substantially improved the median American citizen’s welfare
This European survey examines (a) The likely need for increased European public investment in defense should come with substantial reallocations of public budgets at the national and EU levels; (b) Greater use of joint EU-level procurement of military equipment and defense research/innovation would promote substantially enhanced capacity in Europe's defense industry; (c) Increased defense spending would deliver a measurable boost to economic growth in Europe over the next five years
This European survey examines (a) US antitrust investigations of the dominant firms in artificial intelligence are warranted by the need to foster competition and innovation in the technologies; b) Seeking to slow the pace of artificial intelligence use and implementation would be a more effective means of assessing potential harms from the technologies than market deployment and ex post assessment
This US survey examines: (a) Antitrust investigations of the dominant firms in artificial intelligence are likely to lead to substantially lower prices of AI products and services for businesses and consumers; (b) Antitrust investigations of the dominant firms in artificial intelligence are likely to promote greater competition and innovation in AI; (c) Potential harms from artificial intelligence are better assessed by market deployment rather than seeking to slow the pace of AI research and implementation
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