On Global Markets

Whilst economic policy uncertainty, as previously discussed by On Global Markets, has notable macroeconomic downsides, it can, at least, provide useful event studies for empirically minded economists. This week saw just such an episode. On Wednesday morning, reports emerged that, at a meeting with Congressional representatives at the White House the day before, President Trump […] 

By any reasonable definition, New Zealand is a small economy. The latest estimates from the International Monetary Fund suggest that the Pacific Nation’s GDP, weighted by purchasing power parity, represents just 0.2% of total global output. But the Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) has been something of a trailblazer when it comes to monetary […] 

In March 2022, in the immediate aftermath of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the imposition of a Western-led sanctions package, some analysts became a little overexcited. Some went as far as to speculate whether Russia faced a ‘1998 style moment’ – referring to the country’s late 1990s default and economic crisis – or even a […] 

This week the Federal Reserve held its key policy rate steady at 4.25%-4.5% and the so-called ‘dot plot’ (the best guess forward projections of Federal Open Market Committee members) continued to show two cuts were expected this calendar year. One might assume, given the lack of change in either the policy rate or the immediate […] 

The rise of social media is one of the big stories of the twenty-first century. Facebook may only be 21 years old, but, according to a Pew Research study of 2024, more than two-thirds of Americans now use it. YouTube has an even larger footprint, with 83% of American adults using the platform to consume […] 

For more than a decade, the European Union’s policymakers have been aiming to create a deeper pan-European capital market. In recent years, those efforts have acquired more urgency. As the think tank Bruegel recently set out: Initially, the focus was on integrating and developing national capital markets to complement bank lending and enhance risk diversification, […] 

Two weeks ago, on the evening of May 16th, Moody’s (one of the three credit rating agencies) downgraded the sovereign debt of the United States. The credit rating was trimmed back from the top Aaa to Aa1, one notch below. Moody’s reasoning, which they set out at length, was relatively straightforward: for more than a […] 

The Network of Central Banks and Supervisors for Greening the Financial System (NGFS), a grouping of central banks and financial regulators, was formed in 2017 and now boasts more than 60 members ranging from large global players such as the European Central Bank, the People’s Bank of China, and the Bank of Japan to relative […] 

Despite some recent falls, European electricity remains expensive, both compared to recent history and to the process available in other large economies. According to the International Energy Agency, electricity prices fell relatively quickly in most major markets in 2024, and yet, outside of the United States, remain elevated: Wholesale electricity prices declined further in many […] 

Digital markets present policymakers with a quandary. This arises partially from the fact that, in the grand scheme of things, they remain a relatively recent phenomenon, and so, unlike many other markets, decades of data and evidence on how they typically develop and operate are still lacking.  The contours of the debate were neatly set […]