European Economic Experts Panel

The Clark Center for Global Markets explores economists’ views on vital policy issues via our US and European Economic Experts Panels. We regularly poll over 80 economists on a range of timely and relevant topics. Panelists not only have the opportunity to respond to a poll’s statements, but an opportunity to comment and provide additional resources, if they wish. The Clark Center then shares the results with the public in a straightforward and concise format.

Please note that from September 2022, the language in our polls will use just two modifiers to refer to the size of an effect:

  • ‘Substantial’: when an effect is large enough that it would make a difference that matters for the behavior involved.
  • ‘Measurable’: when the direction of the effect is clear, but perhaps experts would differ as to whether it is substantial.
Europe

Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries

Question A:

Non-bank financial intermediaries pose a substantial threat to financial stability.

Responses

© 2025. Kent A. Clark Center for Global Markets.
28%
4%
0%
6%
10%
42%
10%
Source: European Clark Center Economic Experts Panel
Methodology
Question B:

Regulating the leverage and liquidity of non-bank financial intermediaries would substantially improve financial stability.

Responses

© 2025. Kent A. Clark Center for Global Markets.
28%
4%
2%
2%
14%
40%
10%
Source: European Clark Center Economic Experts Panel
Methodology
Question C:

Given current regulations, non-bank financial intermediaries should not have access to central bank support.

Responses

© 2025. Kent A. Clark Center for Global Markets.
28%
4%
0%
8%
28%
22%
10%
Source: European Clark Center Economic Experts Panel
Methodology
 
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Business Cycles, Recessions, & Crises
Europe

Greedflation

Question A:

A significant factor behind today’s inflation in Europe is dominant corporations in uncompetitive markets taking advantage of their market power to raise prices in order to increase their profit margins.

Responses

© 2025. Kent A. Clark Center for Global Markets.
28%
0%
2%
32%
24%
14%
0%
Source: European Clark Center Economic Experts Panel
Methodology
Question B:

A significant factor behind today’s inflation in some sectors of the European economy is dominant corporations in uncompetitive markets taking advantage of their market power to raise prices in order to increase their profit margins.

Responses

© 2025. Kent A. Clark Center for Global Markets.
28%
0%
2%
14%
32%
22%
2%
Source: European Clark Center Economic Experts Panel
Methodology
Question C:

A significant factor behind today’s inflation in some sectors of the European economy (both competitive and concentrated) is distortions in the aggregate economy where supply does not meet demand.

Responses

© 2025. Kent A. Clark Center for Global Markets.
28%
4%
2%
8%
18%
36%
4%
Source: European Clark Center Economic Experts Panel
Methodology
 
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Monetary Policy, Interest Rates, & Inflation
Europe

AI, Innovation and Society

This European survey examines (a) If countries could impose a ban on the use of ChatGPT and similar generative AI chatbot services that is technologically effective, they would experience a measurably negative impact on national innovation; (b) Regardless of whether advances in AI spur productivity growth, they are likely to create deep challenges for society – in areas from labor markets to politics, and including disinformation, privacy, crime, and warfare – that will be difficult to anticipate, plan for, and contain. 
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Democracy, Government, & Public Policy
Europe

AI and Productivity Growth

This European survey examines (a) Use of artificial intelligence over the next ten years will lead to a substantial increase in the growth rates of real per capita income in the US and Western Europe over the subsequent two decades; (b) Use of artificial intelligence over the next ten years will have a substantially bigger impact on the growth rates of real per capita income in the US and Western Europe over the subsequent two decades than the internet has had over the past two decades 
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Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity
Europe

France’s Retirement Age

This European survey examines (a) Preserving the financial viability of France's state pension system is better achieved by raising the effective retirement age than by raising contributions while working; (b) Preserving the financial viability of France's state pension system is better achieved by raising the effective retirement age than by reducing benefits once retired 
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Demographics, Aging, & Gender
Europe

Banking Crisis

This European survey examines (a) Financial regulators in the US and Europe lack the tools and authority to deter runs on banks by uninsured depositors; (b) Not guaranteeing uninsured deposits at Silicon Valley Bank in full would have created substantial damage to the US economy; (c) Fully guaranteeing uninsured deposits at Silicon Valley Bank substantially increases banks’ incentives to engage in excessive risk-taking 
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Banking
Europe

Windsor Framework

This European survey examines (a) The amendments to the Northern Ireland protocol agreed by the UK and the EU are unlikely to have a measurable direct impact on UK growth over the next two years; (b) If renewed UK-EU scientific cooperation were achieved in the wake of the Windsor framework, it would be likely to have a measurable positive impact on UK growth over the next five years 
Read More
Economic Growth, Development, & Productivity
Europe

State Aid

This European survey examines (a) Loosening regulations on state aid to allow targeted incentives for companies in certain sectors will substantially improve the EU’s relative attractiveness for corporate investment; (b) Loosening regulations on state aid will give a substantial advantage to the economies of EU members with stronger public finances; (c) Even if looser regulations on state aid are temporary, they risk permanent damage to the EU’s longstanding competition policy regime 
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Investment, Infrastructure, & Cities
Europe

Electric Vehicles

This European survey examines (a) Without government intervention, take-up of electric vehicles will be substantially less than is desirable to reduce carbon emissions; (b) To encourage greater take-up of electric vehicles, public expenditure on infrastructure to support them (such as charging stations) is likely to be more cost-effective than providing equivalent amounts as tax credits/purchase rebates for buyers 
Read More
Environment, Climate Change, & Natural Resources
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Topics

BankingBondsBusiness Cycles, Recessions, & CrisesBusiness, Management, & Corporate PerformanceCorporate GovernanceDemocracy, Government, & Public PolicyDemographics, Aging, & GenderEconomic Growth, Development, & ProductivityEconomists, Economic Theory, & Economic OrganizationsEducation & SkillsEnvironment, Climate Change, & Natural ResourcesFinance and the EconomyFinancial CrisesFinancial Markets & BankingFinancial RegulationHealthcare & WellbeingInternational FinanceInternational Trade & Exchange RatesInvestment ManagementInvestment, Infrastructure, & CitiesInvestmentsJobs, Pay, & UnemploymentMigrationMonetary Policy, Interest Rates, & InflationPersonal FinancePoverty, Inequality, & Social MobilityPublic Debt & DeficitsRegulation, Competition, & Market PowerScience, Technology, & InnovationSocial Policy & SocietyTaxes & Public SpendingTransport

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